: Traditional research focused on reducing suffering. Current reviews advocate for "a life worth living," which includes positive experiences like play and social bonding.
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For example, a wagging tail in a dog doesn't always mean happiness—it can indicate agitation. A purring cat might be content, or it might be in pain.
: Use personality-led spotlights for senior pets or bonded pairs, focusing on the unique joy they bring rather than their age or medical needs.