Whether you are a solo maker programming an SMD ESP32-C3 with a USB-to-serial adapter, or an engineering manager programming a million boards offshore, the path is the same:

Another approach is to use a command-line tool, such as bin2smd or hexdump , to convert BIN to SMD.

If using RetroArch (e.g., via hakchi for SNES/Genesis Minis), ensure the correct Genesis Plus GX core is used, and try unchecking the "compress" setting.

While OTA updates send a .bin wirelessly, the first programming of an SMD device usually happens via a physical interface (SWD, SPI, or UART). Understanding the “bin to SMD” pipeline helps designers decide: