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Animal behavior is the study of how animals interact with each other and their environment. It is generally categorized into (instinctive) and learned behaviors.

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The fundamental link between behavior and medicine lies in the neuroendocrine system. When an animal enters a veterinary clinic, it often perceives the environment—filled with unfamiliar scents, the presence of conspecifics (other animals), and invasive handling—as a threat. This triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in a surge of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and cortisol. Animal behavior is the study of how animals