The consequences of facial abuse and maternal maltreatment are far-reaching and devastating. Children who experience facial abuse are at increased risk of developing mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Heim & Nemeroff, 2001). Additionally, facial abuse has been linked to increased aggression, delinquency, and substance abuse in children (Cicchetti & Toth, 2003).
: Marks that resemble a hand, fingers, or a specific object (like a belt buckle or cord) are high indicators of physical abuse. Delayed Seeking of Care facialabuse+facial+abuse+maternal+maltreatm
If you or someone you know is experiencing abuse, help is available. The consequences of facial abuse and maternal maltreatment
), it is likely a derived variable from a larger dataset on family violence. help is available. )