Fm 31 28 Fouo Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat 1 December 1999 25 [portable]

SF teams were taught to transition between these zones every 15-30 minutes to avoid pattern tracking.

FM 31-28 serves as the tactical "bible" for the SFAUC course, focusing on three high-intensity areas:

The manual covers advanced tactical proficiency in high-intensity urban environments, including: SF teams were taught to transition between these

The manual is designated as , meaning its distribution is restricted to military personnel and authorized contractors to protect sensitive tactical procedures. While related doctrine like FM 3-06 (Urban Operations) is often public, FM 31-28 remains a more niche, specialized document for the Special Forces community. Operational Impact

CQB is a critical component of urban combat. SF teams must be proficient in: Operational Impact CQB is a critical component of

High-level rifle, pistol, and shotgun training, including transitioning between shooting positions and engaging targets in dense urban areas. Breaching Techniques:

The "FOUNO" marking on this manual indicates that it contains sensitive information and should be handled and distributed with care. Access to this manual is restricted to personnel with a need-to-know clearance. Access to this manual is restricted to personnel

The SFAUC course is now a recurring requirement for Green Berets, ensuring that even veteran teams stay current with evolving enemy tactics. By standardizing the "how" of urban raids, FM 31-28 has directly contributed to the success of Special Forces in global counter-terrorism operations and complex urban environments like those seen in Iraq and Afghanistan.